and Best Wishes for a Prosperous New Year!
Friday, December 22, 2017
Tuesday, December 5, 2017
Boost Your Data Center Efficiency with Multi-mode UPS Systems
When consulting-specifying engineers look at the hundreds of technology factors that go into a data center’s design, they know that even small variables, when multiplied by big numbers, add up quickly. That’s the case with seemingly small incremental increases in energy efficiency for uninterruptible power supply (UPS) systems used in data centers around the world.
According to the Uptime Institute, traditional transformer-based UPS devices represent only 12% of a typical data center’s energy consumption, given power use and energy conversion inefficiencies and heat loss. Although they account for only a fraction of the total energy consumption in a data center, even small improvements in UPS energy conversion efficiency can add up to significant lifecycle operational cost savings.
Traditional double conversion UPS units (Figure 1), which protect the load during outages — use a rectifier to convert the alternating current (ac) power to direct current (dc) power, and an inverter to provide safe and clean ac power to the load using either the main or battery power.
Unfortunately, in this scenario power efficiency is the price paid for protection. Transformer-based double conversion UPS systems have a typical power efficiency rating in the range of 88% to 92%. As a result, double conversion UPS systems place a steep toll on annual data center energy operating budgets.
Newer three-level insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) UPS technologies, which reduce switching and filtering power conversion losses, offer efficiency levels approaching 97% in double conversion mode, and up to 99% efficiency when operating in energy-saving multi-mode. These new, three-level UPS topologies create new OpEx rationales when designing data center power systems and specifying UPS technologies.
Multi-mode Transfer Speed
So what’s that optimum switching or transfer time? According to a Green Grid white paper on multi-mode (or eco-mode), “if, for example, a UPS has a transfer time of greater than 10 ms and is paired with information technology (IT) equipment that has ride-through capabilities of only 10 ms, the UPS may not be able to support the IT equipment.”
That’s one of the reasons a few companies design their multi-mode UPS products with transfer speeds of less than 2 ms. The technologies that help achieve these speeds are seamless and represent a robust set of power disturbance detection, analysis, and control systems.
When a multi-mode UPS unit’s responsive monitoring technologies detect any sort of deviation on the main or bypass power path, the inverter is immediately turned on to allow quality power to flow from the double conversion premium protection mode. In the same instant, the static switch on the bypass path from the utility is turned off to block the disturbance from reaching the load.
A variety of disturbance analyzers and fast-switching technologies are employed in combination, including
All of these advanced monitoring and control systems work in concert to anticipate and respond to a comprehensive set of possible power conditions, creating a transfer switch speed of less than 2 ms. This speed helps to maximize the intermittent transfer to double conversion protection, while maintaining higher multi-mode efficiency for the majority of the time when quality utility power is flowing.
Lifecycle Costs
In evaluating efficiency and lifecycle costs for multi-mode UPS systems, some might ask: If our UPS running in double conversion already gets us to 93% efficiency, why take a “risk” for a few percentage points in efficiency? Can that extra energy efficiency provide a significant return?
Figure 2: Small percentage improvements in power efficiency can yield significant savings over a 10-year period.
If we look at a UPS deployment at a typical 10 MW data center realizing just a 1% gain in efficiency, we can see a significant impact over 10 years. As Figure 2 shows, while CapEx (Capital Expenditure) are fixed, a Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) evaluation of the OpEx (Operating Expense) for running an UPS over 10 years creates an operational savings of $1.4 million when energy efficiency improves a single percent — from 93% to 94% efficiency. With newer multi-mode UPS technologies that provide up to 96.5% efficiency, that savings could jump to almost an additional $3.4 million.
As both corporate and data center providers challenge their consulting-specifying partners to deliver projects that balance capital and lifecycle costs, as well as ensure the reliability and energy efficiency of their facilities, new multi-mode UPS efficiency models provide a compelling set of tools for data center designers and engineers.
About us
Strategic Media Asia (SMA) is one of the approved CPD course providers of the Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers (CIBSE) UK. The team exists to provide an interactive environment and opportunities for members of ICT industry and facilities' engineers to exchange professional views and experience.
SMA connects IT, Facilities and Design. For the Data Center Design Consideration, please visit
(1) Site Selection,
(2) Space Planning,
(3) Cooling,
(4) Redundancy,
(5) Fire Suppression,
(6) Meet Me Rooms,
(7) UPS Selection,
(8) Raised Floor,
(9) Code & Standards,
(10) Transformers and Harmonic Distortion, and
All topics focus on key components and provide technical advice and recommendations for designing a data center and critical facilities.
According to the Uptime Institute, traditional transformer-based UPS devices represent only 12% of a typical data center’s energy consumption, given power use and energy conversion inefficiencies and heat loss. Although they account for only a fraction of the total energy consumption in a data center, even small improvements in UPS energy conversion efficiency can add up to significant lifecycle operational cost savings.
Figure 1: Typical Data Center AC-Power Configuration
Traditional double conversion UPS units (Figure 1), which protect the load during outages — use a rectifier to convert the alternating current (ac) power to direct current (dc) power, and an inverter to provide safe and clean ac power to the load using either the main or battery power.
Unfortunately, in this scenario power efficiency is the price paid for protection. Transformer-based double conversion UPS systems have a typical power efficiency rating in the range of 88% to 92%. As a result, double conversion UPS systems place a steep toll on annual data center energy operating budgets.
Newer three-level insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) UPS technologies, which reduce switching and filtering power conversion losses, offer efficiency levels approaching 97% in double conversion mode, and up to 99% efficiency when operating in energy-saving multi-mode. These new, three-level UPS topologies create new OpEx rationales when designing data center power systems and specifying UPS technologies.
Multi-mode Transfer Speed
So what’s that optimum switching or transfer time? According to a Green Grid white paper on multi-mode (or eco-mode), “if, for example, a UPS has a transfer time of greater than 10 ms and is paired with information technology (IT) equipment that has ride-through capabilities of only 10 ms, the UPS may not be able to support the IT equipment.”
That’s one of the reasons a few companies design their multi-mode UPS products with transfer speeds of less than 2 ms. The technologies that help achieve these speeds are seamless and represent a robust set of power disturbance detection, analysis, and control systems.
When a multi-mode UPS unit’s responsive monitoring technologies detect any sort of deviation on the main or bypass power path, the inverter is immediately turned on to allow quality power to flow from the double conversion premium protection mode. In the same instant, the static switch on the bypass path from the utility is turned off to block the disturbance from reaching the load.
A variety of disturbance analyzers and fast-switching technologies are employed in combination, including
- An instantaneous adaptive voltage error detector that monitors subtle changes in amplitude and duration
- A root mean square (RMS) voltage error detector that computes the RMS of all three UPS output voltages for variances
- An output short circuit detector that, after a breaker is tripped, will automatically increase line current to rapidly clear and reset the breaker
- A sophisticated transient inverter controller that quickly manages the transfer of the load to inverter power and back again to the bypass path.
All of these advanced monitoring and control systems work in concert to anticipate and respond to a comprehensive set of possible power conditions, creating a transfer switch speed of less than 2 ms. This speed helps to maximize the intermittent transfer to double conversion protection, while maintaining higher multi-mode efficiency for the majority of the time when quality utility power is flowing.
Lifecycle Costs
In evaluating efficiency and lifecycle costs for multi-mode UPS systems, some might ask: If our UPS running in double conversion already gets us to 93% efficiency, why take a “risk” for a few percentage points in efficiency? Can that extra energy efficiency provide a significant return?
Figure 2: Small percentage improvements in power efficiency can yield significant savings over a 10-year period.
If we look at a UPS deployment at a typical 10 MW data center realizing just a 1% gain in efficiency, we can see a significant impact over 10 years. As Figure 2 shows, while CapEx (Capital Expenditure) are fixed, a Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) evaluation of the OpEx (Operating Expense) for running an UPS over 10 years creates an operational savings of $1.4 million when energy efficiency improves a single percent — from 93% to 94% efficiency. With newer multi-mode UPS technologies that provide up to 96.5% efficiency, that savings could jump to almost an additional $3.4 million.
As both corporate and data center providers challenge their consulting-specifying partners to deliver projects that balance capital and lifecycle costs, as well as ensure the reliability and energy efficiency of their facilities, new multi-mode UPS efficiency models provide a compelling set of tools for data center designers and engineers.
About us
Strategic Media Asia (SMA) is one of the approved CPD course providers of the Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers (CIBSE) UK. The team exists to provide an interactive environment and opportunities for members of ICT industry and facilities' engineers to exchange professional views and experience.
SMA connects IT, Facilities and Design. For the Data Center Design Consideration, please visit
(1) Site Selection,
(2) Space Planning,
(3) Cooling,
(4) Redundancy,
(5) Fire Suppression,
(6) Meet Me Rooms,
(7) UPS Selection,
(8) Raised Floor,
(9) Code & Standards,
(10) Transformers and Harmonic Distortion, and
All topics focus on key components and provide technical advice and recommendations for designing a data center and critical facilities.
Wednesday, October 25, 2017
Data Center Design Consideration: Meet Me Rooms (MMR)
A co-location facility / carrier-neutral data center hosts services from multiple carriers (telecommunication companies) or organizations. Meet-me rooms (MMR) are important physical spaces (2 or more for redundancy) located in the building of a co-location data center or carrier-neutral data center. Data center clients use this space to interconnect or cross-connect to a single or multiple carriers (for redundancy) and to exchange information, which can be transmitted to individual computers via the Internet, without incurring local-loop fees.
Although the concept and practice of using an MMR are not new, the initial creation and management of these spaces over time has become a serious challenge for operators. Owing to some poor practices and lack of building standards, there have been occasions where new clients' preferred carrier could not be accommodated as a result of physical / location challenges. We are going to outline some design best practices.
CABINETS AND SPACE
A carrier generally asks for at least 2 four-post, 84" (45U) high cabinets in each MMR. If the operator is providing only AC power, the carrier may request additional rack space for rectifiers and batteries, should they be using DC equipment.
The best practice is to meet with the intended carriers all at once to create a rack and space solution that they can all agree on. Although this may be a difficult task to schedule, it will be worthwhile to reach an agreement on one typical rack type and one layout look and feel.
Clients who inspect your facilities before signing a contract will appreciate a consistent look to this space. Permitting odd-size cabinets combined with open-frame racks of all colors and widths will detract from a professional look and limit the usefulness of space for new or different functions.
Meet-Me Rooms tend to be smaller because fibers would be run from a user suite to patch panels in an MMR to be interconnected, which requires little space. With time, these rooms have grown in size and are starting to resemble data centers, including features such as cages.
LOCATION
The location of the MMRs would be outside the computer rooms, in the secure data center space. When determining location for one or redundant rooms, consider the industry standards for distance, which will vary according to service type and media (fiber/copper/coax). Placing the MMR on an outside wall is ideal if the space will double as the point of entry so that equipment and workers can go in and out using external doors without disrupting data hall's operations.
Depending on the expected user population, locating the MMR on an exterior wall and even near a loading dock could be a deal breaker for security reasons. If your clients require significantly more security than normal commercial businesses, the MMR should not act a main point of entry but should instead be placed within the data center, away from external walls.
CONNECTIONS
The connection to the data center clients and carriers / MMRs have many methods. Some standards exist. Each method has challenges in co-location facilities, and each challenge can be met so long as they are identified early and planned for.
Direct Connect —
Each carrier connects directly with the client from the carrier-equipment rack to the client-side demarcation point or equipment rack which is also located in a secure half of the MMR (see figure below). The client then extends to the floor space.
The MMR is split for security reasons between clients and carriers. Clients are permitted in their side of the MMR, and carriers in theirs. This approach could increase the amount of conduit in the ceiling space and limit future installations.
Using a private cage for client-side equipment or third-party cross-connect provider as the only staff permitted in the client side of the MMR could limit a security concern.
Direct Connect (Extended Demarcation Point) —
It means each carrier connects directly with the client from the carrier-equipment rack in the MMR to the client-side demarcation point located in the client space (see figure below). Multiple conduits demanded by clients can quickly fill any available space above the ceiling.
Cross Connect in the MMR —
Each client space has pre-installed patch panels located in a secure side of the MMR whereby multiple carriers cross-connect (see figure below). The pre-installed facility is then patched to the client's equipment in the floor space.
Similar to the "Direct Connect" method, some clients may express security concerns with this topology and carriers may not like the potential that a competitor could accidentally unplug their patch. If the MMR is professionally managed (which is highly recommended), the carrier would not have access to this side of the MMR.
Cross Connect in Client's Floor Space —
Patch panels are placed in each carrier’s secure equipment rack and pre-connected to each client's space (see figure below). Drawbacks include higher upfront costs to carriers and operators, who may never connect to every client, and loss of operator cross-connect fees.
MANAGING MMR
Try to create in-building standards and include them in every lease agreement. In addition, carrier agreements should include adherence to your standards. These standards need to outline access-control, cross-connect, interconnect, and direct-connection means and methods, as well as installation and pathway standards, cable count and color standards, and labeling criteria.
Access Control —
Control access to carrier sides and, if designed, client sides of the MMRs. Only permit third-party MMR management companies to have access to both rooms. Make sure this access is authorized, authenticated and audited. Ensure the design disables any opportunity for a carrier or tenant to literally “throw a cable over the wall” to make a connection.
Connection Methods —
A good cable installer can be assigned to the task of managing the MMR as long as the standards are well documented and SLAs between that company and the operator exist.
Pathway Standards —
The MMR space above the ceiling is not limitless; as such, controls must be put in place to ensure large (and typically unused) conduits are not positioned between data connection points. Traditional cable tray is a sure means of transporting media; most clients will claim that cable trays are an inherent security risk, however. The use of flexible armored cable is something all operators should consider. It is lightweight, able to bend and ultra-thin compared with conduit.
Color Codes —
Color coding the media is a best practice for many reasons. Colors can designate fiber-types, counts, installation dates and specific client connections. Mining out the infrastructure of past clients is easy once the cables are identified, and identification by color is a quick means of disposal.
For details of the MMR and structured cabling system design (copper and fiber cables), please consider to attend a credential program and further learning for telecommunications spaces, horizontal and backbone distribution systems.
About SMA
Strategic Media Asia (SMA) is one of the approved CPD course providers of the Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers (CIBSE) UK.
The team exists provide an interactive environment and opportunities for members of ICT industry and facilities' engineers to exchange professional views and experience.
SMA connects IT, Facilities and Design. For accreditation details and background, please visit www.stmedia-asia.com/about.html.
Although the concept and practice of using an MMR are not new, the initial creation and management of these spaces over time has become a serious challenge for operators. Owing to some poor practices and lack of building standards, there have been occasions where new clients' preferred carrier could not be accommodated as a result of physical / location challenges. We are going to outline some design best practices.
CABINETS AND SPACE
A carrier generally asks for at least 2 four-post, 84" (45U) high cabinets in each MMR. If the operator is providing only AC power, the carrier may request additional rack space for rectifiers and batteries, should they be using DC equipment.
The best practice is to meet with the intended carriers all at once to create a rack and space solution that they can all agree on. Although this may be a difficult task to schedule, it will be worthwhile to reach an agreement on one typical rack type and one layout look and feel.
Clients who inspect your facilities before signing a contract will appreciate a consistent look to this space. Permitting odd-size cabinets combined with open-frame racks of all colors and widths will detract from a professional look and limit the usefulness of space for new or different functions.
Meet-Me Rooms tend to be smaller because fibers would be run from a user suite to patch panels in an MMR to be interconnected, which requires little space. With time, these rooms have grown in size and are starting to resemble data centers, including features such as cages.
LOCATION
The location of the MMRs would be outside the computer rooms, in the secure data center space. When determining location for one or redundant rooms, consider the industry standards for distance, which will vary according to service type and media (fiber/copper/coax). Placing the MMR on an outside wall is ideal if the space will double as the point of entry so that equipment and workers can go in and out using external doors without disrupting data hall's operations.
Depending on the expected user population, locating the MMR on an exterior wall and even near a loading dock could be a deal breaker for security reasons. If your clients require significantly more security than normal commercial businesses, the MMR should not act a main point of entry but should instead be placed within the data center, away from external walls.
CONNECTIONS
The connection to the data center clients and carriers / MMRs have many methods. Some standards exist. Each method has challenges in co-location facilities, and each challenge can be met so long as they are identified early and planned for.
Direct Connect —
Each carrier connects directly with the client from the carrier-equipment rack to the client-side demarcation point or equipment rack which is also located in a secure half of the MMR (see figure below). The client then extends to the floor space.
The MMR is split for security reasons between clients and carriers. Clients are permitted in their side of the MMR, and carriers in theirs. This approach could increase the amount of conduit in the ceiling space and limit future installations.
Using a private cage for client-side equipment or third-party cross-connect provider as the only staff permitted in the client side of the MMR could limit a security concern.
Direct Connect (Extended Demarcation Point) —
It means each carrier connects directly with the client from the carrier-equipment rack in the MMR to the client-side demarcation point located in the client space (see figure below). Multiple conduits demanded by clients can quickly fill any available space above the ceiling.
Cross Connect in the MMR —
Each client space has pre-installed patch panels located in a secure side of the MMR whereby multiple carriers cross-connect (see figure below). The pre-installed facility is then patched to the client's equipment in the floor space.
Similar to the "Direct Connect" method, some clients may express security concerns with this topology and carriers may not like the potential that a competitor could accidentally unplug their patch. If the MMR is professionally managed (which is highly recommended), the carrier would not have access to this side of the MMR.
Cross Connect in Client's Floor Space —
Patch panels are placed in each carrier’s secure equipment rack and pre-connected to each client's space (see figure below). Drawbacks include higher upfront costs to carriers and operators, who may never connect to every client, and loss of operator cross-connect fees.
MANAGING MMR
Try to create in-building standards and include them in every lease agreement. In addition, carrier agreements should include adherence to your standards. These standards need to outline access-control, cross-connect, interconnect, and direct-connection means and methods, as well as installation and pathway standards, cable count and color standards, and labeling criteria.
Access Control —
Control access to carrier sides and, if designed, client sides of the MMRs. Only permit third-party MMR management companies to have access to both rooms. Make sure this access is authorized, authenticated and audited. Ensure the design disables any opportunity for a carrier or tenant to literally “throw a cable over the wall” to make a connection.
Connection Methods —
A good cable installer can be assigned to the task of managing the MMR as long as the standards are well documented and SLAs between that company and the operator exist.
Pathway Standards —
The MMR space above the ceiling is not limitless; as such, controls must be put in place to ensure large (and typically unused) conduits are not positioned between data connection points. Traditional cable tray is a sure means of transporting media; most clients will claim that cable trays are an inherent security risk, however. The use of flexible armored cable is something all operators should consider. It is lightweight, able to bend and ultra-thin compared with conduit.
Color Codes —
Color coding the media is a best practice for many reasons. Colors can designate fiber-types, counts, installation dates and specific client connections. Mining out the infrastructure of past clients is easy once the cables are identified, and identification by color is a quick means of disposal.
For details of the MMR and structured cabling system design (copper and fiber cables), please consider to attend a credential program and further learning for telecommunications spaces, horizontal and backbone distribution systems.
About SMA
Strategic Media Asia (SMA) is one of the approved CPD course providers of the Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers (CIBSE) UK.
The team exists provide an interactive environment and opportunities for members of ICT industry and facilities' engineers to exchange professional views and experience.
SMA connects IT, Facilities and Design. For accreditation details and background, please visit www.stmedia-asia.com/about.html.
Understand the Cooling and Ventilation System Design for Data Center
Air Conditioning System Design for Data Center
(23 - 24 March 2017, approved CPD course by CIBSE UK)
It targets to engineers involved in designing or handling HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning) equipment for mission critical facilities, IT infrastructure and data center projects.
All sessions highlight design principles such as psychrometric chart, cooling load calculation / estimation, etc. and the design considerations such as air distribution, availability / redundancy, common mistakes, Computer Fluid Dynamic (CFD) model, integration with MEPs (Mechanical, Electrical and Plumbing system), etc.
You'll be able to make informed decisions about the best choices of cooling systems for mission critical purposes and how system can best meet the project goal and SLA (Service Level Agreement).
Date: 23 - 24 March 2017 (Thursday - Friday)
Time: 10:00 - 17:30
Venue: 14/F, On Lok Yuen Building, 25-27A Des Voeux Road Central, Hong Kong
Fee: Special rate for CIBSE / HKIE all membership classes
> Datacom Equipment Power Trends and Cooling Applications
-- Load trends and their application
-- Air cooling of computer equipment
-- Liquid cooling of computer equipment
> Design Consideration
-- Design criteria
-- HVAC load
-- Computer room cooling
-- Air distribution
-- Liquid cooling
-- Availability and redundancy
-- Controls
-- Integration with other MEP (Mechanical, Electrical and Plumbing) system
-- Computer Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
> Testing and Commissioning
-- Air cleanliness test
-- Heat load test
-- Factory acceptance test
-- Site acceptance test
-- Integrated performance test (IST)
> Energy Efficiency
-- Power usage effectiveness
-- Chilled water plant optimization
-- Water side and air side equipment
-- Part load operation
-- Controls and energy management
-- LEED certified data center
-- Building energy code
> Sustainable Design
-- Combined heat power plant (CHP)
-- Solar cooling
-- Geothermal cooling
-- Evaporative cooling
-- Air side economizers
-- Desiccant unit
For details, please visit http://www.stmedia-asia.com/newsletter_6.html.
Get Ready to Become a Registered Specialist Contractor (Ventilation)
(29 April & 6 May 2017, Saturday)
Designed for enterprises in ventilation / air-conditioning engineering - Technical Director (TD), Authorized Signatory (AS) or other officers, our speaker introduces the register requirement, interview technique, Buildings Ordinance, ventilation and fire safety, occupational safety, health and environmental protection, etc.
The preparatory course helps local engineers and enterprises to facilitate compliance with the Buildings Ordinance in Hong Kong and to get ready to become a Registered Specialist Contractor for Ventilation Works (RSC-V).
Date: 29 April + 6 May 2017 (Saturday) - 11th round
Time: 9:00 - 13:00 / 13:30
Venue: 14/F, On Lok Yuen Building, 25-27A Des Voeux Road Central, Hong Kong
Fee: Early bird discount available for payment & application made before March 17, 2017
The RSC-V preparatory course is also available online www.stmedia-asia.com/aircon.html.
About us
Strategic Media Asia (SMA) is one of the approved CPD course providers of the Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers (CIBSE) UK. The team exists to provide an interactive environment and opportunities for members of ICT industry and facilities' engineers to exchange professional views and experience.
SMA connects IT, Facilities and Design. For the Data Center Consideration Series, please visit
(1) Site Selection,
(2) Space Planning,
(3) Cooling,
(4) Redundancy,
(5) Fire Suppression,
(6) Meet Me Rooms,
(7) UPS Selection, and
(8) Raised Floor
All topics focus on key components and provide technical advices and recommendations for designing a data center and critical facilities.
SMA connects IT, Facilities and Design. For the Data Center Consideration Series, please visit
(1) Site Selection,
(2) Space Planning,
(3) Cooling,
(4) Redundancy,
(5) Fire Suppression,
(6) Meet Me Rooms,
(7) UPS Selection, and
(8) Raised Floor
All topics focus on key components and provide technical advices and recommendations for designing a data center and critical facilities.
Data Center Design: Codes and Standards
Data center is a dedicated space where it houses the most important information and it being safe and accessible. Best practices ensure that you are doing everything possible to keep it that way.
Best practices mean different things to different people and organizations. We are going to focus on the major best practices - codes, design standards, and operational standards - applicable across all types of data centers, including enterprise, colocation, and internet facilities. We will explore the best practices with respect to facility conceptual design, space planning, building construction, and physical security, as well as mechanical, electrical, plumbing, and fire protection. Facility operations, maintenance, and procedures will be the final topics for the series.
Following suitable codes and standards would seem to be an obvious direction when designing new or upgrading an existing data center. Data center design and infrastructure standards can range from national codes, like the NFPA (National Fire Protection Association), to local codes, like the New York State Energy Conservation Construction Code, and performance standards, like the Uptime Institute’s Tier Standard. Green certifications, such as LEED and Energy Star are also considered but optional.
Codes must be followed when designing, building, and operating your data center, but “code” is the minimum performance requirement to ensure life safety and energy efficiency in most cases. A data center is probably the most expensive facility your company ever builds or operates. Should it have the minimum requirement by code? It is clear from past history that minimum code requirement is not the best practice. Minimum requirement for fire suppression would involve having wet pipe sprinklers in your data center. However, it is definitely not a best practice for your critical facilities.
Major Data Center Standards
The major data center design and infrastructure standards developed for the industry include :-
Uptime Institute’s Tier Standard
This standard develops a performance-based methodology for the data center during the design, construction, and commissioning phases to determine the resiliency of the facility with respect to four Tiers or levels of redundancy/reliability. The Tiers are compared in our previous post below and can be also found in greater definition in the "Tier Classifications Define Site Infrastructure Performance". The origins of the Uptime Institute (UI) as a data center users group established it as the first group to measure and compare a data center’s reliability. It is a for-profit entity that will certify a facility to its standard, for which the standard is often criticized.
(1) Data Center Tier Levels and Uptime
(2) More about Data Center Tier Levels
ANSI/BICSI 002-2014
Data Center Design and Implementation Best Practices by BICSI - The standard covers the major aspects of planning, design, construction, and commissioning of the MEP (Mechanical, electrical, and plumbing) building trades, as well as fire protection, IT installation and maintenance. It is arranged as a guide for data center design, construction, and operation. Ratings / Reliability is defined by Class 0 to 4 and certified by BICSI-trained and certified professionals.
TIA Standard
Telecommunication Industry Association (TIA) for Data Center Infrastructure Design Standards: This standard is more IT cable and network oriented and has various infrastructure redundancy and reliability concepts based on the Uptime Institute’s Tier Standard. In 2013, Uptime Institute requested that TIA stop using the Tier system to describe reliability levels, and TIA switched to using the word “Rated” instead of “Tiers”, defined as Rated 1-4. TIA uses tables within the standard to easily identify the ratings for telecommunications, architectural, electrical, and mechanical systems.
TIA has a certification system in place with dedicated vendors that can be retained to provide facility certification.
EN 50600 International Standard
The European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC) develops European standards for electrical engineering. The committee represents the interests of 33 member countries and 13 affiliate member countries for the European marketplace. Their standards pattern with those developed by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC).
The New European Standard for Data Center Facilities and Infrastructure Design is the EN 50600-X series. Many aspects of this standard reflect the UI, TIA, and BCSI standards. Facility ratings are based on Availability Classes, from 1 to 4. Approved CENELEC Standards include
EN 50173 series: Information technology - Generic cabling systems
EN 50173-1: General requirements
EN 50173-2: Office premises
EN 50173-3: Industrial premises
EN 50173-4: Homes
EN 50173-5: Data centers
EN 50173-6: Distributed building services
EN 50174 series: Information technology - Cabling installation
EN 50174-1: Installation specification and quality assurance
EN 50174-2: Installation planning and practices inside buildings
EN 50174-3: Installation planning and practices outside buildings
TR 50174-99-1: Remote powering
EN 50600 series: Information technology - Data center facilities and infrastructures design
EN 50600-1: General concepts
EN 50600-2-1: Building construction
EN 50600-2-2: Power distribution
EN 50600-2-3: Environmental control
EN 50600-2-4: Telecommunications cabling infrastructure
EN 50600-2-5: Physical security
EN 50600-3-1: Management and operational information
Regulatory Standards
Government regulations for data centers will depend on the nature of the business and can include HIPPA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act), SOX (Sarbanes Oxley) 2002, SAS 70 Type I or II, GLBA (Gramm-Leach Bliley Act), as well as new regulations that may be implemented depending on the nature of your business and the present security situation.
Operational Standards
There are also many operational standards to choose from. These are standards that guide your day-to-day processes and procedures once the data center is built:
Uptime Institute : Operational Sustainability (with and without Tier certification)
ISO 9000 – Quality System
ISO 14000 – Environmental Management System
ISO 27001 – Information Security
PCI – Payment Card Industry Security Standard
SOC, SAS70 & ISAE 3402 or SSAE16, FFIEC (USA) – Assurance Controls
AMS-IX – Amsterdam Internet Exchange – Data Center Business Continuity Standard
These standards will also vary based on the nature of the business and include guidelines associated with detailed operations and maintenance procedures for all of the equipment in the data center.
Consistency and Documentation are Key
The nature of your business will determine which standards are appropriate for your facility. If you have multiple facilities across the US, then the US standards may apply. For those with international facilities or a mix of both, an international standard may be more appropriate. The key is to choose a standard and follow it. If deviations are necessary because of site limitations, financial limitations, or availability limitations, they should be documented and accepted by all stakeholders of the facility.
Regardless of the standard followed, documentation and record keeping of your operation and maintenance activities is one of the most important parts of the process. Software management tools such as DCIM (Data Center Infrastructure Management), CMMS (Computerized Maintenance Management System), EPMS (Electrical Power Monitoring System), and DMS (Document Management System) for operations and maintenance can provide a “single pane of glass” to view all required procedures, infrastructure assets, maintenance activities, and operational issues.
Your critical facilities must meet the business mission. Data center design, construction, and operational standards should be chosen based on definition of that mission. Not all facilities supporting your specific industry will meet your defined mission, so your facility may not look or operate like another, even in the same industry.
Best practices mean different things to different people and organizations. We are going to focus on the major best practices - codes, design standards, and operational standards - applicable across all types of data centers, including enterprise, colocation, and internet facilities. We will explore the best practices with respect to facility conceptual design, space planning, building construction, and physical security, as well as mechanical, electrical, plumbing, and fire protection. Facility operations, maintenance, and procedures will be the final topics for the series.
Following suitable codes and standards would seem to be an obvious direction when designing new or upgrading an existing data center. Data center design and infrastructure standards can range from national codes, like the NFPA (National Fire Protection Association), to local codes, like the New York State Energy Conservation Construction Code, and performance standards, like the Uptime Institute’s Tier Standard. Green certifications, such as LEED and Energy Star are also considered but optional.
Codes must be followed when designing, building, and operating your data center, but “code” is the minimum performance requirement to ensure life safety and energy efficiency in most cases. A data center is probably the most expensive facility your company ever builds or operates. Should it have the minimum requirement by code? It is clear from past history that minimum code requirement is not the best practice. Minimum requirement for fire suppression would involve having wet pipe sprinklers in your data center. However, it is definitely not a best practice for your critical facilities.
Major Data Center Standards
The major data center design and infrastructure standards developed for the industry include :-
Uptime Institute’s Tier Standard
This standard develops a performance-based methodology for the data center during the design, construction, and commissioning phases to determine the resiliency of the facility with respect to four Tiers or levels of redundancy/reliability. The Tiers are compared in our previous post below and can be also found in greater definition in the "Tier Classifications Define Site Infrastructure Performance". The origins of the Uptime Institute (UI) as a data center users group established it as the first group to measure and compare a data center’s reliability. It is a for-profit entity that will certify a facility to its standard, for which the standard is often criticized.
(1) Data Center Tier Levels and Uptime
(2) More about Data Center Tier Levels
ANSI/BICSI 002-2014
Data Center Design and Implementation Best Practices by BICSI - The standard covers the major aspects of planning, design, construction, and commissioning of the MEP (Mechanical, electrical, and plumbing) building trades, as well as fire protection, IT installation and maintenance. It is arranged as a guide for data center design, construction, and operation. Ratings / Reliability is defined by Class 0 to 4 and certified by BICSI-trained and certified professionals.
TIA Standard
Telecommunication Industry Association (TIA) for Data Center Infrastructure Design Standards: This standard is more IT cable and network oriented and has various infrastructure redundancy and reliability concepts based on the Uptime Institute’s Tier Standard. In 2013, Uptime Institute requested that TIA stop using the Tier system to describe reliability levels, and TIA switched to using the word “Rated” instead of “Tiers”, defined as Rated 1-4. TIA uses tables within the standard to easily identify the ratings for telecommunications, architectural, electrical, and mechanical systems.
TIA has a certification system in place with dedicated vendors that can be retained to provide facility certification.
EN 50600 International Standard
The European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC) develops European standards for electrical engineering. The committee represents the interests of 33 member countries and 13 affiliate member countries for the European marketplace. Their standards pattern with those developed by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC).
The New European Standard for Data Center Facilities and Infrastructure Design is the EN 50600-X series. Many aspects of this standard reflect the UI, TIA, and BCSI standards. Facility ratings are based on Availability Classes, from 1 to 4. Approved CENELEC Standards include
EN 50173 series: Information technology - Generic cabling systems
EN 50173-1: General requirements
EN 50173-2: Office premises
EN 50173-3: Industrial premises
EN 50173-4: Homes
EN 50173-5: Data centers
EN 50173-6: Distributed building services
EN 50174 series: Information technology - Cabling installation
EN 50174-1: Installation specification and quality assurance
EN 50174-2: Installation planning and practices inside buildings
EN 50174-3: Installation planning and practices outside buildings
TR 50174-99-1: Remote powering
EN 50600 series: Information technology - Data center facilities and infrastructures design
EN 50600-1: General concepts
EN 50600-2-1: Building construction
EN 50600-2-2: Power distribution
EN 50600-2-3: Environmental control
EN 50600-2-4: Telecommunications cabling infrastructure
EN 50600-2-5: Physical security
EN 50600-3-1: Management and operational information
Regulatory Standards
Government regulations for data centers will depend on the nature of the business and can include HIPPA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act), SOX (Sarbanes Oxley) 2002, SAS 70 Type I or II, GLBA (Gramm-Leach Bliley Act), as well as new regulations that may be implemented depending on the nature of your business and the present security situation.
Operational Standards
There are also many operational standards to choose from. These are standards that guide your day-to-day processes and procedures once the data center is built:
Uptime Institute : Operational Sustainability (with and without Tier certification)
ISO 9000 – Quality System
ISO 14000 – Environmental Management System
ISO 27001 – Information Security
PCI – Payment Card Industry Security Standard
SOC, SAS70 & ISAE 3402 or SSAE16, FFIEC (USA) – Assurance Controls
AMS-IX – Amsterdam Internet Exchange – Data Center Business Continuity Standard
These standards will also vary based on the nature of the business and include guidelines associated with detailed operations and maintenance procedures for all of the equipment in the data center.
Consistency and Documentation are Key
The nature of your business will determine which standards are appropriate for your facility. If you have multiple facilities across the US, then the US standards may apply. For those with international facilities or a mix of both, an international standard may be more appropriate. The key is to choose a standard and follow it. If deviations are necessary because of site limitations, financial limitations, or availability limitations, they should be documented and accepted by all stakeholders of the facility.
Regardless of the standard followed, documentation and record keeping of your operation and maintenance activities is one of the most important parts of the process. Software management tools such as DCIM (Data Center Infrastructure Management), CMMS (Computerized Maintenance Management System), EPMS (Electrical Power Monitoring System), and DMS (Document Management System) for operations and maintenance can provide a “single pane of glass” to view all required procedures, infrastructure assets, maintenance activities, and operational issues.
Your critical facilities must meet the business mission. Data center design, construction, and operational standards should be chosen based on definition of that mission. Not all facilities supporting your specific industry will meet your defined mission, so your facility may not look or operate like another, even in the same industry.
About us
Strategic Media Asia (SMA) is one of the approved CPD course providers of the Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers (CIBSE) UK. The team exists to provide an interactive environment and opportunities for members of ICT industry and facilities' engineers to exchange professional views and experience.
SMA connects IT, Facilities and Design. For the Data Center Design Consideration, please visit
(1) Site Selection,
(2) Space Planning,
(3) Cooling,
(4) Redundancy,
(5) Fire Suppression,
(6) Meet Me Rooms,
(7) UPS Selection, and
(8) Raised Floor
All topics focus on key components and provide technical advice and recommendations for designing a data center and critical facilities.
SMA connects IT, Facilities and Design. For the Data Center Design Consideration, please visit
(1) Site Selection,
(2) Space Planning,
(3) Cooling,
(4) Redundancy,
(5) Fire Suppression,
(6) Meet Me Rooms,
(7) UPS Selection, and
(8) Raised Floor
All topics focus on key components and provide technical advice and recommendations for designing a data center and critical facilities.
Data Center Site Tour in June 2017
The team sincerely thank you for all visitors and the coordination granted by the professional data center management team in Chai Wan, Hong Kong!
The half-day visit on 2 June 2017 enables our visitors to gain an insight about the mission-critical infrastructure system (UPS system, NOC, CRAC units, etc.) supporting the data center cloud and IT services.
We look forward to cooperating with the data center and organizing the similar event in the near future!
About us
Strategic Media Asia (SMA) is one of the approved CPD course providers of the Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers (CIBSE) UK.
The team exists provide an interactive environment and opportunities for members of data center industry and facilities' engineers to exchange professional views and experience on the mission-critical facilities and IT infrastructure system.
SMA connects IT, Facilities and Design. For accreditation details and background, please visit www.stmedia-asia.com/about.html.
The half-day visit on 2 June 2017 enables our visitors to gain an insight about the mission-critical infrastructure system (UPS system, NOC, CRAC units, etc.) supporting the data center cloud and IT services.
We look forward to cooperating with the data center and organizing the similar event in the near future!
About us
Strategic Media Asia (SMA) is one of the approved CPD course providers of the Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers (CIBSE) UK.
The team exists provide an interactive environment and opportunities for members of data center industry and facilities' engineers to exchange professional views and experience on the mission-critical facilities and IT infrastructure system.
SMA connects IT, Facilities and Design. For accreditation details and background, please visit www.stmedia-asia.com/about.html.
Monday, October 16, 2017
InRack and InRow Cooling for Data Center
Traditional data center, computer room, and server room cooling methods cool down an entire room with cold air from centralized units to one end of the room. This approach is acceptable when power densities are minimal with few hot spots in the room. However, room-oriented designs are affected by room constraints including ceiling height, room shape, obstructions above and below the floor, rack layout, Computer room air conditioning (CRAC) units' location, power distribution, etc.
CRAC units force chilled air into a data center and around the equipment. In most cases, cooling these vast volumes of air is very inefficient. Although a hot and cold aisle containment decreases the volume, it still results in a lot of excess cooling and costs of powering the CRACs.
So why don't consider more selective data center cooling options which work together with your CRAC units or chill specific critical loads with high efficient ways but low energy cost?
Modern data centers adopt InRack and InRow coolers (IRCs), also known as close-coupled cooling systems, because they are tailor-made for high densities of hot-running IT equipment and tight energy budgets. These cooling strategies are inherently more efficient than standard CRAC systems because it ties into the IT equipment rather than sending cooled air into the room space. They may be mounted among the IT racks / cabinets or they may be mounted overhead or under the floor.
InRack Cooling
Dedicated racks, another low-effort retrofit, offer cooling isolation. The rack operates just like a standard data center rack, but it is sealed on all sides as a self-contained system. Cool air is forced up through the rack from the bottom, running over the equipment before exiting through the top to a hot plenum, where the heat is vented or recovered as necessary.
InRow Cooling
In-row cooling systems work within a row of standard server racks. The units are standard rack height, making them easy to match with the row and couple tightly to the IT equipment to ensure efficient cooling. Systems from APC by Schneider Electric, Liebert by Emerson Network Power, Rittal and others are engineered to take up the smallest footprint and offer high-density cooling. Ducting and baffles ensure that the cooling air gets where it needs to go.
Compared with the room-oriented architecture, the airflow paths are shorter and more clearly defined with the close-coupled cooling systems. Smaller fans can be used due to lower volumes of chilled air; energy costs are minimized; it is easier to target air onto high-density hot spots for preferential cooling; and business continuity improves, as the failure of any one single unit in the cooling environment only affects that rack or cabinet, as opposed to the total data center or the whole aisle containment. And, as the majority of these systems are modular, it is easy and cost-effective to build in degrees of resilience, leading to higher availability across the whole data center.
About us
SMA connects IT, Facilities and Design. For the Data Center Design Consideration, please visit
(1) Site Selection,
All topics focus on key components and provide technical advice and recommendations for designing a data center and critical facilities.
CRAC units force chilled air into a data center and around the equipment. In most cases, cooling these vast volumes of air is very inefficient. Although a hot and cold aisle containment decreases the volume, it still results in a lot of excess cooling and costs of powering the CRACs.
So why don't consider more selective data center cooling options which work together with your CRAC units or chill specific critical loads with high efficient ways but low energy cost?
Modern data centers adopt InRack and InRow coolers (IRCs), also known as close-coupled cooling systems, because they are tailor-made for high densities of hot-running IT equipment and tight energy budgets. These cooling strategies are inherently more efficient than standard CRAC systems because it ties into the IT equipment rather than sending cooled air into the room space. They may be mounted among the IT racks / cabinets or they may be mounted overhead or under the floor.
InRack Cooling
Dedicated racks, another low-effort retrofit, offer cooling isolation. The rack operates just like a standard data center rack, but it is sealed on all sides as a self-contained system. Cool air is forced up through the rack from the bottom, running over the equipment before exiting through the top to a hot plenum, where the heat is vented or recovered as necessary.
In-row cooling systems work within a row of standard server racks. The units are standard rack height, making them easy to match with the row and couple tightly to the IT equipment to ensure efficient cooling. Systems from APC by Schneider Electric, Liebert by Emerson Network Power, Rittal and others are engineered to take up the smallest footprint and offer high-density cooling. Ducting and baffles ensure that the cooling air gets where it needs to go.
Compared with the room-oriented architecture, the airflow paths are shorter and more clearly defined with the close-coupled cooling systems. Smaller fans can be used due to lower volumes of chilled air; energy costs are minimized; it is easier to target air onto high-density hot spots for preferential cooling; and business continuity improves, as the failure of any one single unit in the cooling environment only affects that rack or cabinet, as opposed to the total data center or the whole aisle containment. And, as the majority of these systems are modular, it is easy and cost-effective to build in degrees of resilience, leading to higher availability across the whole data center.
About us
Strategic Media Asia (SMA) is one of the approved CPD course providers of the Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers (CIBSE) UK. The team exists to provide an interactive environment and opportunities for members of ICT industry and facilities' engineers to exchange professional views and experience.
SMA connects IT, Facilities and Design. For the Data Center Design Consideration, please visit
(1) Site Selection,
(2) Space Planning,
(3) Cooling,
(4) Redundancy,
(5) Fire Suppression,
(6) Meet Me Rooms,
(7) UPS Selection,
(8) Raised Floor,
(9) Code & Standards, and
All topics focus on key components and provide technical advice and recommendations for designing a data center and critical facilities.
Friday, September 22, 2017
Exploring Colocation, Business Continuity and Managed Services with High-Tier Data Centers
Connecting professionals in IT, Facilities and Design
We are pleased to announce a Data Center Site Tour (Site Tour) is coming again for individuals in data center management, IT infrastructure and critical system operations.
The Site Tour is arranged to demonstrate the critical power, cooling facilities and data center management solutions by one of the leading data center in Hong Kong. It targets to provide an interactive environment for members of the International Data Center (IDC) industry and IT infrastructure engineers to exchange professional views and experience on mission critical facilities and data center services.
For whoever who are interested in data center colocation and managed services / solutions, the team could provide extra support in order to maintain the customers' satisfaction.
Collaboration
Established in 1996 and headquartered in Hong Kong, One Asia Network Limited (www.oneas1a.com) is a leading IT services and solution provider in Asia providing cloud based solution as well as data center services. OneAsia's top-tier rated data centers are located across Asia to keep their customers connected from anywhere in the world with consistent levels of quality, security and service.
OneAsia is able to offer a full range of cloud computing solutions, from infrastructure, management to application software to business of all sizes without additional capital investment or strong IT support. Furthermore, OneAsia can customize data center services such as colocation, managed services, optimization and business continuity based on customer requirements.
Flexibility, reliability, and security are the core values of OneAsia. With fully redundant infrastructure, well developed systems, multi-layered security and skilled personnel, OneAsia delivers professional and reliable services to customers. With an aim to keep customers connected wherever and whenever they are, OneAsia is staying at the forefront of the industry with extensive infrastructure coverage in Greater China, Singapore, Malaysia and Vietnam.
For details, please visit www.stmedia-asia.com/data-center-tour.html.
Bundled with 2-day Training in Project Management for Data Center & Critical Facilities:
From Design to Commissioning
Building, upgrading or relocating new data centers / mission-critical facilities requires extensive coordination. Project management team shall ensure all components come together smoothly. It is typically fast track from design and planning to testing and commissioning.
You are cordially invited to attend the course which highlights key components required by a project management team who directs the manufacturing, the outfitting and the preparation for a data center / computer room while simultaneously oversees site work, infrastructure for facility, utility installation, etc. and facilitate IT installations.
The course details about how to structure the project management activities with a common language (for data center and mission-critical purposes), avoid cost increment, responsibility gaps and duplication of effort and achieve an efficient process with a predictable outcome. Most importantly, the course outlines how to meet the project goal and SLA (Service Level Agreement) before, during and after completion of the project defined by the owner.
- Reviewing the Project Management Basics
> Planning and Programming a Successful Project for Mission-critical Purposes
> Managing a Project on Time, Cost and Quality
- Contract Management for Data Center Design and Build
- Roles and Responsibilities
- Liaising with Clients (Facility Owners, Project Owners, etc.)
- Liaising with Stakeholders
- Liaising with Design Consultants / Architect
- Managing Facilities / Services Suppliers
- Managing Contractors
- Assessing the Project Progression and Status Meetings
- Conflicts Management
- Change Management and Accommodation
- Project Handover, Testing and Commissioning
- Cases Study
Date: 19 - 20 October 2017 (Thursday - Friday)
Time: 10:00 – 17:30 (around 13 hours)
Venue: Ground Floor, Innocentre, 72 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
Fee: Special rate for CIBSE / HKIE all membership classes
The detailed course content and syllabus are available at www.stmedia-asia.com/newsletter_6.html.
Enrollment & Registration
Kindly complete and return an Application Form together with a crossed cheque made payable to “Strategic Media Asia Limited” - Room 403, 4th Floor, Dominion Centre, 43 - 59 Queen's Road East, Hong Kong.
P.S. Think your team might also be interested? Pass it on >
We are pleased to announce a Data Center Site Tour (Site Tour) is coming again for individuals in data center management, IT infrastructure and critical system operations.
The Site Tour is arranged to demonstrate the critical power, cooling facilities and data center management solutions by one of the leading data center in Hong Kong. It targets to provide an interactive environment for members of the International Data Center (IDC) industry and IT infrastructure engineers to exchange professional views and experience on mission critical facilities and data center services.
For whoever who are interested in data center colocation and managed services / solutions, the team could provide extra support in order to maintain the customers' satisfaction.
Collaboration
Established in 1996 and headquartered in Hong Kong, One Asia Network Limited (www.oneas1a.com) is a leading IT services and solution provider in Asia providing cloud based solution as well as data center services. OneAsia's top-tier rated data centers are located across Asia to keep their customers connected from anywhere in the world with consistent levels of quality, security and service.
OneAsia is able to offer a full range of cloud computing solutions, from infrastructure, management to application software to business of all sizes without additional capital investment or strong IT support. Furthermore, OneAsia can customize data center services such as colocation, managed services, optimization and business continuity based on customer requirements.
Flexibility, reliability, and security are the core values of OneAsia. With fully redundant infrastructure, well developed systems, multi-layered security and skilled personnel, OneAsia delivers professional and reliable services to customers. With an aim to keep customers connected wherever and whenever they are, OneAsia is staying at the forefront of the industry with extensive infrastructure coverage in Greater China, Singapore, Malaysia and Vietnam.
For details, please visit www.stmedia-asia.com/data-center-tour.html.
Bundled with 2-day Training in Project Management for Data Center & Critical Facilities:
From Design to Commissioning
Building, upgrading or relocating new data centers / mission-critical facilities requires extensive coordination. Project management team shall ensure all components come together smoothly. It is typically fast track from design and planning to testing and commissioning.
You are cordially invited to attend the course which highlights key components required by a project management team who directs the manufacturing, the outfitting and the preparation for a data center / computer room while simultaneously oversees site work, infrastructure for facility, utility installation, etc. and facilitate IT installations.
The course details about how to structure the project management activities with a common language (for data center and mission-critical purposes), avoid cost increment, responsibility gaps and duplication of effort and achieve an efficient process with a predictable outcome. Most importantly, the course outlines how to meet the project goal and SLA (Service Level Agreement) before, during and after completion of the project defined by the owner.
- Reviewing the Project Management Basics
> Planning and Programming a Successful Project for Mission-critical Purposes
> Managing a Project on Time, Cost and Quality
- Contract Management for Data Center Design and Build
- Roles and Responsibilities
- Liaising with Clients (Facility Owners, Project Owners, etc.)
- Liaising with Stakeholders
- Liaising with Design Consultants / Architect
- Managing Facilities / Services Suppliers
- Managing Contractors
- Assessing the Project Progression and Status Meetings
- Conflicts Management
- Change Management and Accommodation
- Project Handover, Testing and Commissioning
- Cases Study
Date: 19 - 20 October 2017 (Thursday - Friday)
Time: 10:00 – 17:30 (around 13 hours)
Venue: Ground Floor, Innocentre, 72 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
Fee: Special rate for CIBSE / HKIE all membership classes
The detailed course content and syllabus are available at www.stmedia-asia.com/newsletter_6.html.
Enrollment & Registration
Kindly complete and return an Application Form together with a crossed cheque made payable to “Strategic Media Asia Limited” - Room 403, 4th Floor, Dominion Centre, 43 - 59 Queen's Road East, Hong Kong.
P.S. Think your team might also be interested? Pass it on >
Friday, September 1, 2017
Showroom Tour for the Latest Data Center Efficiency Management and BMS Solutions
Half Day Showroom Tour
Sponsored by APC, Schneider Electric (www.schneider-electric.com)
A BIG THANK YOU to the Schneider Electric's team on 25 August 2017. The latest data center energy saving, cooling solutions, efficiency and data center management systems are introduced and explained during the visit.
The BMS (Building Management System) solution integrated with cloud computing and data analysis technology is also demonstrated to our engineers and fellow participants.
Further to the our critical facilities design course, the half-day showroom tour provides an interactive environment and opportunities for the engineers to exchange professional views on mission-critical facilities with a hands-on and immersive experience.
About us
SMA connects IT, Facilities and Design. For the Data Center Design Consideration, please visit
(1) Site Selection,
All topics focus on key components and provide technical advice and recommendations for designing a data center and critical facilities.
Sponsored by APC, Schneider Electric (www.schneider-electric.com)
The BMS (Building Management System) solution integrated with cloud computing and data analysis technology is also demonstrated to our engineers and fellow participants.
Further to the our critical facilities design course, the half-day showroom tour provides an interactive environment and opportunities for the engineers to exchange professional views on mission-critical facilities with a hands-on and immersive experience.
About us
Strategic Media Asia (SMA) is one of the approved CPD course providers of the Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers (CIBSE) UK. The team exists to provide an interactive environment and opportunities for members of ICT industry and facilities' engineers to exchange professional views and experience.
SMA connects IT, Facilities and Design. For the Data Center Design Consideration, please visit
(1) Site Selection,
All topics focus on key components and provide technical advice and recommendations for designing a data center and critical facilities.
Wednesday, August 16, 2017
2-day Training in Project Management for Data Center & Critical Facilities: From Design to Commissioning
2-day Advanced Training in Project Management for Data Center & Critical Facilities: From Design to Commissioning
(19 - 20 October 2017, 2-day)
Building, upgrading or relocating new data centers / mission-critical facilities requires extensive coordination. Project management team shall ensure all components come together smoothly. It is typically fast track from design and planning to testing and commissioning.
You are cordially invited to attend the course which highlights key components required by a project management team who directs the manufacturing, the outfitting and the preparation for a data center / computer room while simultaneously oversees site work, infrastructure for facility, utility installation, etc. and facilitate IT installations.
It also details about how to structure the project management activities with a common language (for data center and mission-critical purposes), avoid cost increment, responsibility gaps and duplication of effort and achieve an efficient process with a predictable outcome. Most importantly, the course outlines how to meet the project goal and SLA (Service Level Agreement) before, during and after completion of the project defined by the owner.
- Reviewing the Project Management Basics
> Planning and Programming a Successful Project for Mission-critical Purposes
> Managing a Project on Time, Cost and Quality
- Contract Management for Data Center Design and Build
- Roles and Responsibilities
- Liaising with Clients (Facility Owners, Project Owners, etc.)
- Liaising with Stakeholders
- Liaising with Design Consultants / Architect
- Managing Facilities / Services Suppliers
- Managing Contractors
- Assessing the Project Progression and Status Meetings
- Conflicts Management
- Change Management and Accommodation
- Project Handover, Testing and Commissioning
- Cases Study
Date: 19 - 20 October 2017 (Thursday - Friday)
Time: 10:00 – 17:30 (around 13 hours)
Venue: Ground Floor, Innocentre, 72 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
Fee: Special rate for CIBSE / HKIE all membership classes
For details, please refer to www.stmedia-asia.com/newsletter_6.html.
About us
Strategic Media Asia (SMA) is one of the approved CPD course providers of the Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers (CIBSE) UK. The team exits to provide an interactive environment and opportunities for members of ICT industry and facilities' engineers to exchange professional views and experience.
SMA connects IT, Facilities and Design. For the Data Center Design Consideration, please visit
(1) Site Selection,
(2) Space Planning,
(3) Cooling,
(4) Redundancy,
(5) Fire Suppression,
(6) Meet Me Rooms,
(7) UPS Selection,
(8) Raised Floor,
(9) Code & Standards, and
(10) Transformers and Harmonic Distortion
All topics focus on key components and provide technical advice and recommendations for designing a data center and critical facilities.
Tuesday, August 8, 2017
Course in Data Center Infrastructure and Operations
CPD Course in Data Center Infrastructure and Operations
Organized Jointly with the Society of Operations Engineers (SOE), Hong Kong
IT support is crucial to every business and public sectors. No matter a few servers in a closet or a hundred of servers in a data center, all equipment and MEP (Mechanical, Electrical and Plumb) facilities required are mission-critical to maintain the IT services.
The course outlines the infrastructure system supports a typical data center and critical services and the main components facilitate a data center operations and maintenance. It also introduces the best practices and the international standards for data centers and critical facilities.
The course is designed for facilities engineers and IT infrastructure operators to acquire in-depth knowledge in designing critical infrastructure and data center operations.
Speaker: Ir C.K. Chan, BEng (Hons), MSc, BBA, CEng, MHKIE, MIET, REA /
Mr. Ian Ip, BSc (Hons), MSc, CEng, MCIBSE
Time: 07:00 pm – 10:00 pm (Total 15 Hours)
Venue: Flat C, 12/F, Blk 2, Wah Fung Ind Ctr, 33 - 39 Kwai Fung Crest, Kwai Chung, HK
Fee: Special Rate for all SOE Members
Certification: 15-hour CPD certificate will be issued to students who completed
and pass the course assessment with attendance over 70%.
Inquiry: Please contact Anna (852) 3188 0062 or email to info@soe.org.hk for registration.
For details, please visit www.soe.org.hk.
Organized Jointly with the Society of Operations Engineers (SOE), Hong Kong
IT support is crucial to every business and public sectors. No matter a few servers in a closet or a hundred of servers in a data center, all equipment and MEP (Mechanical, Electrical and Plumb) facilities required are mission-critical to maintain the IT services.
The course outlines the infrastructure system supports a typical data center and critical services and the main components facilitate a data center operations and maintenance. It also introduces the best practices and the international standards for data centers and critical facilities.
The course is designed for facilities engineers and IT infrastructure operators to acquire in-depth knowledge in designing critical infrastructure and data center operations.
- What is Data Center
- Applications of Data Center
- Who are the Users
- Users’ Expectations
- Inside a Data Center – IT, E&M Services, Facilities Supports
- Data Center Configurations – Architectural, Structural, MEP, Network
- Glossary – Resilience, Tier Levels, Redundancy
- Operating a Data Center
- Loss Prevention
- Maintenance Management
- Facilities Supports – MEP Services
- Specific Requirements for Facilities
- Operations Highlights
- Sustainable Management
- System Performance Assessments
Speaker: Ir C.K. Chan, BEng (Hons), MSc, BBA, CEng, MHKIE, MIET, REA /
Mr. Ian Ip, BSc (Hons), MSc, CEng, MCIBSE
Time: 07:00 pm – 10:00 pm (Total 15 Hours)
Venue: Flat C, 12/F, Blk 2, Wah Fung Ind Ctr, 33 - 39 Kwai Fung Crest, Kwai Chung, HK
Fee: Special Rate for all SOE Members
Certification: 15-hour CPD certificate will be issued to students who completed
and pass the course assessment with attendance over 70%.
Inquiry: Please contact Anna (852) 3188 0062 or email to info@soe.org.hk for registration.
For details, please visit www.soe.org.hk.
Tuesday, August 1, 2017
Data Center Design Consideration: Transformers and Harmonic Distortion
Data center managers and information technology (IT) engineers in today's critical facilities are in search of reliable and energy-efficient equipment with low total cost of ownership. But after equipment investments are made, it's important to pay attention to possible threats to the operational efficiency.
One threat that is often overlooked is harmonic currents, which can have a significant impact on electrical distribution systems and the facilities they feed. Wasted power and temperature fluctuations caused by these currents can prevent facilities from achieving maximum efficiency, so it's more important than ever for data center managers to evaluate their facilities and to take the time to develop a strategy mitigating harmonic current.
Harmonic Distortion
Harmonics are distortions of the normal electrical current waveform, generally transmitted by nonlinear loads. Switch-mode power supplies (SMPS), variable speed motors and drives, photocopiers, personal computers, laser printers, fax machines, battery chargers, and UPSs are examples of nonlinear loads. Single-phase nonlinear loads are prevalent in modern office buildings, while 3-phase nonlinear loads are common in factories and industrial plants.
A large portion of the nonlinear electrical loads in most electrical distribution systems comes from SMPS equipment. For example, all computer systems use SMPS that convert utility ac voltage to regulated low-voltage dc for internal electronics. These nonlinear power supplies draw current in high-amplitude short pulses that create significant distortion in the electrical current and voltage wave shape (Figure 1). This harmonic distortion, measured as total harmonic distortion (THD), travels back into the power source and can affect other equipment connected to the same source.
All periodic waves can be generated with sine waves of various frequencies. The Fourier theorem breaks down a periodic wave into its component frequencies.
Harmonic currents generated by nonlinear loads increase power-system heat losses and power bills for end users. These harmonic-related losses reduce system efficiency, cause apparatus overheating, and increase power and air conditioning costs. As the number of harmonics-producing loads has increased over the years, it has become increasingly necessary to address harmonics when making any additions or changes to a facility.
Most power systems can accommodate a certain level of harmonic currents but will experience problems when harmonics become a significant percentage of the overall load. As these higher frequency harmonic currents flow through the power system, they can cause communication errors, overheating, and hardware damage.
Reducing Harmonics
To determine if harmonic mitigation is necessary, facilities managers should conduct an assessment to precisely measure the harmonics affecting the data center and identify their origin. Solutions for harmonic mitigation vary in complexity and cost and can be deployed individually or in combination. The strategy that makes the most sense for a facility will vary based on the loads it supports, its budget, and the nature of the harmonic-related problems it is experiencing.
Solution 1 - K-rated Transformers in Power Distribution Components
A standard transformer is not designed for high harmonic currents produced by nonlinear loads. It will overheat and fail prematurely when connected to these loads. Therefore, when harmonics were first introduced into electrical systems at levels that showed detrimental effects (circa 1980), the industry responded by developing the K-rated transformer. K-rated transformers are not used to eliminate harmonics, but to manage the heat generated by harmonic currents.
K factor ratings range between 1 and 50. A standard transformer designed for linear loads is designated with a K-factor of 1. The higher the K-factor, the more heat from harmonic currents the transformer is able to withstand. When selecting a K rating, managers should consider the trade-offs between size, efficiency, and heat tolerance. For example, transformers with higher K factors are typically larger than those with lower K factors. The table shows appropriate K ratings to use for different percentages of nonlinear current in the electrical system.
Power distribution units (PDUs) with a K 13-rated transformer are readily available to efficiently handle harmonic currents. Units with K 20 transformers are common, but are typically overkill for most modern data centers.
Units with K 20 transformers are common, but are typically overkill for most modern data centers. The K-rated, dry-type transformer is widely used in electrical environments - either in a PDU or as a stand-alone unit. However, recent advances in transformer design are changing the way facilities managers reduce voltage distortion and power loss caused by harmonic currents.
Solution 1 - K-rated Transformers in Power Distribution Components
A standard transformer is not designed for high harmonic currents produced by nonlinear loads. It will overheat and fail prematurely when connected to these loads. Therefore, when harmonics were first introduced into electrical systems at levels that showed detrimental effects (circa 1980), the industry responded by developing the K-rated transformer. K-rated transformers are not used to eliminate harmonics, but to manage the heat generated by harmonic currents.
K factor ratings range between 1 and 50. A standard transformer designed for linear loads is designated with a K-factor of 1. The higher the K-factor, the more heat from harmonic currents the transformer is able to withstand. When selecting a K rating, managers should consider the trade-offs between size, efficiency, and heat tolerance. For example, transformers with higher K factors are typically larger than those with lower K factors. The table shows appropriate K ratings to use for different percentages of nonlinear current in the electrical system.
Power distribution units (PDUs) with a K 13-rated transformer are readily available to efficiently handle harmonic currents. Units with K 20 transformers are common, but are typically overkill for most modern data centers.
Units with K 20 transformers are common, but are typically overkill for most modern data centers. The K-rated, dry-type transformer is widely used in electrical environments - either in a PDU or as a stand-alone unit. However, recent advances in transformer design are changing the way facilities managers reduce voltage distortion and power loss caused by harmonic currents.
Solution 2 - Harmonic Mitigating Transformer
A harmonic-mitigating transformer (HMT) is designed to handle the nonlinear loads of today's electrical infrastructures. This transformer uses electromagnetic mitigation to deal specifically with the triplen (3rd, 9th, 15th, and so on) harmonics. Secondary windings of the transformer are arranged to cancel zero sequence fluxes and eliminate primary winding circulating currents. This transformer also addresses the 5th and 7th harmonics by using phase shifting.
Using these two electromagnetic techniques, an HMT allows loads to operate as they were intended, while minimizing the energy loss and distortion caused by harmonics. Most HMTs exceed NEMA TP-1 efficiency standards, even when tested with 100% nonlinear loads. Wherever a K-rated transformer is specified, an equivalent HMT is a direct substitute.
Solution 3 - Harmonic Mitigating UPS
Much like an active filter, harmonic-mitigating UPS eliminates harmonic distortion by inserting equal and opposite current into the line. They also compensate for reactive power from low power-factor loads and balance loads across 3-phase systems to avoid stranded capacity, as well as to provide clean and continuous power during utility outages or in response to electrical disturbances.
Going Further
Data center managers are increasingly deploying UPSs with energy-saver operating modes to boost efficiency and lower power costs. Recently, harmonic-mitigating UPSs capable of keeping distortion within predetermined and adjustable limits, correcting power factor, and balancing loads while in energy-saver mode have begun to reach the market.
These new systems typically remain within 1% of energy-saver levels while performing these functions, a significant improvement over past technologies. The harmonic mitigation technology in the latest energy-saver UPSs is a built-in feature that requires no additional footprint, saving valuable data center floor space and reducing installation and maintenance costs.
Harmonics continue to be costly for data centers, preventing data center managers and engineers from achieving maximum reliability and efficiency. Fortunately, the latest enhancements in UPS technology offer next-generation harmonic-mitigation capabilities. Though not always required, such systems enable data centers to achieve the highest efficiency possible by actively correcting for harmonic currents as they occur.
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Strategic Media Asia (SMA) is one of the approved CPD course providers of the Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers (CIBSE) UK. The team exists to provide an interactive environment and opportunities for members of ICT industry and facilities' engineers to exchange professional views and experience.
SMA connects IT, Facilities and Design. For the Data Center Design Consideration, please visit
(1) Site Selection,
(2) Space Planning,
(3) Cooling,
(4) Redundancy,
(5) Fire Suppression,
(6) Meet Me Rooms,
(7) UPS Selection, and
(8) Raised Floor
All topics focus on key components and provide technical advice and recommendations for designing a data center and critical facilities.
SMA connects IT, Facilities and Design. For the Data Center Design Consideration, please visit
(1) Site Selection,
(2) Space Planning,
(3) Cooling,
(4) Redundancy,
(5) Fire Suppression,
(6) Meet Me Rooms,
(7) UPS Selection, and
(8) Raised Floor
All topics focus on key components and provide technical advice and recommendations for designing a data center and critical facilities.