Data Center Design Consideration: Space Planning

A data hall houses computers and communications equipment that delivers, store and process information. This is the heart of the data center that operates all mission-critical applications. You need to address 2 key considerations:


(1) Restricting Access

Access to the data hall shall be limited and restricted to only authorized people and to minimize any accidental damage to the computer systems.

(2) Maximizing Floor Space

Floor space in the data hall is extremely valuable due to the high investment placed into the supporting infrastructure. It includes precision air-conditioning, standby power supply, equipment-safe fire protection system as well as security and monitoring systems.



"Non-essential" Items

Sometime "non-essential" doesn't mean useless. To maximize the use and enhancing the security of the area, "non-essential" items should be located outside the data hall. Examples of these items are:


(A) Operating Console / Network Operation Center (NOC)

It houses computer stations connect to the equipment or critical facilities in a data center. NOC may be situated in a separated room / area next to the data hall. Staff can monitor and manage the various systems here and enter the data hall only when they install cables or equipment. It also ensures that the operations and maintenance of the console do not affects the racks/cabinets inside the data hall.

(B) Gas Suppression Systems

Gas Suppression Systems such as FM200 are frequently used in a data center for fire fighting purposes. Gas is used over water as they do not damage the data hall's equipment when discharging. Unlike water, gas should be stored in gas cylinders. Placing these cylinders outside the data hall would allow your technicians to serve them easier.

(C) UPS Batteries & Generators

Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS), high voltage switchgear and Genset are critical to supply backup power and are usually isolated in different rooms / area:

• Batteries will discharge gas during charging.
• Batteries contain acid that may leak and damage equipment
• Prevention of fire
• For safety reason, only qualified electrical workers are allow to enter the room and serve the high voltage facilities

(D) Air Handling Units (AHU) / Computer Room Air Conditioners (CRACs) Units

It's commmon for a dedicated AHU / CRAC Units to be used in a data room which ensure air from other parts of the data center is not recirculated into the critical area. In addition to being bulky, the AHU or CRAC Units generates heat and maintenance issues. AHU / CRAC Units, therefore, are unsuitable to be placed inside a data hall. Should they be installed in a data hall, they should be placed along the hot aisles.

Maintenance Area

It is important equipment installed in a data center can be repaired or replaced easily without affecting normal operations. Unless we absolutely sure that rear access to the equipment is not required, no equipment should be placed along a wall such as switchgear.

A minimum space greater than the depth of the equipment is required in front or at the back of the equipment which allows

- New parts' installation
- Maintenance or repair
- Airflow (such as hot aisle or cold aisle design)

For racks, a minimum of 1m clearance is observed between racks. A 1.5m radius is usually kept at the end of cabinets / racks which facilitates the use of trolley to move heavy equipment into the aisles.



Raised Floors

Typical raised floor inside a data hall / NOC are 150mm to 300mm (or higher depends on the floor height or design request, you may refer to the international standard / advice in TIA-942 or Uptime Institute). A ramp is usually created at the entrance to bridge the different in heights. It also allows trolley to move heavy equipment. The gradient of a ramp should not be steeper than 1:12.

Per normal practices, power cables (high voltage) are usually put under the raised floor, whereas data cables are usually put inside a cable tray overhead.

Cable Routing

We suggest power cables are separated from data cables. It ensures that the power cables do not pose any electromagnetic interference (EMI) to the data cables. Per previous advice, power cables are laid under the raised floors, whereas data cables are laid overhead.

In addition, data and power cables should be entered a data hall (or other faciliities' rooms) at opposite ends of the area whenever possible to avoid too many cables on one side and EMI problem.

Layout of a data center should be designed to minimize the run of data or power cables. For example, power cables enters the data hall and are routed through

- Riser (Cable Entry)
- Electrical Distribution Box / PDU (Power Distribution Units)
- UPS (High Voltage Switches, etc.)
- Equipment Racks

with minimized distance if they are located near each other relatively.

Expansion

Data Center are used to serve enterprises, government or other organizations. As business or services developed, the demand for faster applications and data storage grow as well. You are advised to allow space for expansion purposes. This expansion space could be located near the entrance of a data center / data hall which allows easier renovation and the installation of new equipment , cabinets and racks.

Cabling, cable trays and empty racks, where feasible, can be pre-installed in the expansion areas. This would minimize the amount of work to be done and the disruption of data center operations / equipment during expansion.



About SMA

Strategic Media Asia (SMA), a critical infrastructure training and event organizer based in Hong Kong, provides an interactive environment and opportunities for members of IDC industry and engineers to exchange professional views and experience on critical infrastructure and E&M facilities.

SMA is one of the CPD Course Providers of the Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers (CIBSE).

For details of other data center courses and seminars, please visit our website at http://www.stmedia-asia.com/trainings.html.

Data Center Cable Management (1)

Data centers represent some of the most demanding performance technology in the communications infrastructure market. Choosing the right cabling and cable management system is one of the most important aspects of data center design. Reliability, in combination with extreme density, should guide your choice of products. Data center longevity is also a consideration, especially when it comes time to upgrade to 40G and 100G Ethernet.

Tight Buffer Cable

Cabling infrastructure is the backbone of your data center. The rugged characteristics of tight buffer cabling reduce risk of downtime caused by cable failure. With increasing density and the subsequent increased risk of strain on your cabling system, reliability is essential when evaluating cabling needs.

Fiber is immune to electromagnetic interference and is specially designed for higher bandwidths (data rates) than other types of cables. As fiber becomes the prominent transport medium in the data center, it’s important to research and select the latest in data center products and technologies. Choose companies with experience in developing and supplying cable products perfected for the most critical communications applications.


Preterminated Fiber and Copper Cabling Systems

The sheer number of connections in the data center has increased dramatically and will continue to do so with the advent of the 40G and 100Gbit/s Ethernet standards. These new standards require increased fiber counts for a single data connection beyond the conventional duplex configuration. Look for the highest density of connectivity. Preterminated copper and fiber cables are the preferred choice for several reasons.

First, the operator is less of a factor in the termination process required for either fiber optic or copper cables since no special skill set is required for termination or testing of preterminated cables. This also eliminates the concern of alien crosstalk testing on the copper side. No external contractors are needed, saving your company both time and money.

Secondly, preterminated cables eliminate excess loops, as they are cut to specified lengths. Preterminated copper or fiber optic cables can be customized to your specific needs for easy, perfectly cabled installation, eliminating the problem of excessive slack storage.






10G Copper Cat6A PoE Ready Preterminated Cabling System

If your data center supports PoE enabled devices, such as cameras for surveillance and security or IP telephony, then copper cabling may be an appropriate choice for your facility. Choose products that allow you to build a foundation that will support both high-speed data and provide device power simultaneously. Preterminated Cat6A panels and cabling systems offer the foundation you are looking for to support current and future PoE devices.


Integrated Cable Management

Cable management is the key for accessibility and a clean visual appearance of any data center. In recent years, this has become even more pressing as the value of rack space has driven densities for both copper and fiber applications.

Combined with the high data counts for the 40G and 100GBit/s Ethernet standards, cable management has seen an unprecedented level of interest to accommodate the densities of today and anticipated densities of tomorrow. Ideally, choose products that ensure accessibility of all ports, have horizontal and vertical management mechanisms on the front of the panel, and smooth coupling mechanisms between the cassettes and the panel chassis.

Upgradability

A solid technical roadmap is key to installing infrastructure that is suitable for your current needs, as well as accommodating both anticipated and unanticipated needs for the future. Spend some time now researching the marketplace and choose products designed specifically with this in mind.

Choose fiber cassettes that are upgradable from 10G Ethernet to either 40G or 100G, and panels suitable for all technologies. Preterminated trunk cables used for 10G today can be leveraged into 40 or 100G tomorrow, simply by installing the respective new technology cassettes that suit your bandwidth needs.


About The Blogger


Strategic Media Asia (SMA, www.stmedia-asia.com) is a leading technical training and event organizer for corporations specialized in data center design & build, E&M facilities, telecom, ICT, finance and colocation. Currently, SMA delivers a series of data center trainings and qualification programs in Hong Kong, Taiwan and Macau.

All these events / training seminars are designed to support the leadership needs of senior executives (Chief Information Officers, IT Directors / Managers, Facilities Managers, company decision makers, etc.) and to provide useful and applicable knowledge.

For detail, please visit our data center courses & training seminars at http://www.stmedia-asia.com/trainings.html.

Designing a Structured Cabling System for your Data Center

Choosing the right cabling and cable management system is one of the most important aspects of data center design. Reliability, in combination with extreme density, should guide your choice of products. Data center longevity is also a consideration, an example is when it upgrades to 40G and 100G Ethernet.


Tight Buffer Cable

Cabling infrastructure is the backbone of your data center. The rugged characteristics of tight buffer cabling reduce risk of downtime caused by cable failure. With increasing density and the subsequent increased risk of strain on your cabling system, reliability is essential when evaluating cabling needs. As fiber becomes the prominent transport medium in the data center, it’s important to research and select the latest in data center products and technologies. Choose companies with experience in developing and supplying cable products perfected for the most critical communications applications.


Preterminated Fiber and Copper Cabling Systems

The sheer number of connections in the data center has increased dramatically and will continue to do so with the advent of the 40G and 100Gbit/s Ethernet standards. These new standards require increased fiber counts for a single data connection beyond the conventional duplex configuration. Look for the highest density of connectivity. There are currently products on the market that will support upward of 144 LCs for fiber optic installs and 48 ports of Cat6A copper in one rack unit. In order to accommodate this, preterminated copper and fiber cables are the preferred choice for several reasons.


First, the operator is less of a factor in the termination process required for either fiber optic or copper cables since no special skill set is required for termination or testing of preterminated cables. This eliminates the on-site polishing and termination for high count fiber optic links on the optical side, as well as the concern of alien crosstalk testing on the copper side. No external contractors are needed, saving your company both time and money.


Secondly, preterminated cables eliminate excess loops, as they are cut to specified lengths. Preterminated copper or fiber optic cables can be customized to your specific needs for easy, perfectly cabled installation, eliminating the problem of excessive slack storage.


10G Copper Cat 6A PoE Ready Preterminated Cabling System

If your data center supports PoE enabled devices, such as cameras for surveillance and security or IP telephony, then copper cabling may be an appropriate choice for your facility. Choose products that allow you to build a foundation that will support both high-speed data and provide device power simultaneously. The migration to fiber in the effort to eliminate concerns of attenuation on long cabling runs and alien crosstalk effects for high density applications leaves the need for infrastructure supporting high bandwidth PoE devices somewhat out in the cold. Preterminated Cat6A panels and cabling systems offer the foundation you are looking for to support current and future PoE devices.


Integrated Cable Management

Cable management is the key for accessibility and a clean visual appearance of any data center. In recent years, this has become even more pressing as the value of rack space has driven densities for both copper and fiber applications. Combined with the high data counts for the 40G and 100GBit/s Ethernet standards, cable management has seen an unprecedented level of interest to accommodate the densities of today and anticipated densities of tomorrow. Ideally, choose products that ensure accessibility of all ports, have horizontal and vertical management mechanisms on the front of the panel, and smooth coupling mechanisms between the cassettes and the panel chassis.


Upgradability

A solid technical roadmap is key to installing infrastructure that is suitable for your current needs, as well as accommodating both anticipated and unanticipated needs for the future. Spend some time now researching the marketplace and choose products designed specifically with this in mind. Choose fiber cassettes that are upgradable from 10G Ethernet to either 40G or 100G, and panels suitable for all technologies. Preterminated trunk cables used for 10G today can be leveraged into 40 or 100G tomorrow, simply by installing the respective new technology cassettes that suit your bandwidth needs.



Other Factors that you should consider




Airflow in and around cabling

While not typically considered green IT, cabling can impact airflow and, in turn, data center cooling costs. A well-designed cable conveyance system enables easy access for maintenance while allowing cool air to efficiently circulate where needed. Improved airflow means air conditioning doesn’t have to work as hard, which reduces power consumption and energy costs.


Don’t create problems by cost-cutting

In the quest to reduce costs, there can be a temptation to cut corners with lower quality cable and connectors. This can cause problems. For example, consolidating too much onto a single resource or cable can create a single point of failure. Invest in quality cabling to reduce total cost of ownership.Without cable and associated management, servers, storage and network devices aren’t able to communicate with each other, access the power they need or be monitored. Proper cable management can help maximize the return on your investment in technology.

Moving Away from Data Center Raised Floor - Benefits of Overhead Cabling

Low-Voltage Cabling Distribution

Interconnecting the various IT resources in a data center requires large amounts of cabling (whether fiber, copper or a combination of the two). Perhaps you have seen mess of wires and cables that can quickly build behind your desk, especially if you have a number of connected gadgets; the situation in the data center can be much worse if not carefully controlled. Finding a good place for cabling that permits good airflow, accessibility for maintenance and expansion, and safety (for personnel and equipment) is critical.





Benefits of Overhead Cabling

From an energy efficiency standpoint, overhead cabling eliminates one major source of airflow obstruction, helping reduce the likelihood of hot spots. According to an APC by Schneider Electric white paper (“How Overhead Cabling Saves Energy in Data Centers”), “The decision to place network data and power cabling into overhead cable trays can lower cooling fan and pump power consumption by 24%.”

But another major benefit is accessibility. Instead of being under the floor—and possibly all but inaccessible owing to the arrangement of equipment above the floor or the hassles of lifting floor tiles—overhead cabling can be entirely accessible, easing the process of maintaining existing cables or adding new ones. A TechTarget.com article (“Using overhead cables to tidy your data center: Ask the Expert podcast”) cites Robert McFarlane, a principal at consulting and technology design firm Shen Milsom and Wilke, as identifying another tremendous advantage: “avoiding the need to comply with article 645 of the National Electrical Code (NEC) and the dangerous Emergency Power Off (EPO) button that article requires.” The EPO button is a perennial source of headaches for data center operators: it has been mistaken for a variety of purposes, including a door opener, to the catastrophic detriment of data center uptime. Of course, McFarlane is referring to the use of overhead cabling for power cables in this context. But it is worth noting that the overhead cabling concept can also apply to power cables, delivering the same airflow and maintenance benefits on the facilities side as it does on the IT side.

Thus, if implemented properly, overhead cabling can improve both data center efficiency and uptime — a dual win. But the key is doing so in a way that avoids some common pitfalls.